The University of the City of Manila located at Intramuros, and City College of Manila located outside the walled city, are the two universities owned and operated by the Manila city government. ![]() Only Colegio de San Juan de Letran (1620) is left at Intramuros the University of Santo Tomas transferred to a new and more spacious campus at Sampaloc in 1927, and Ateneo left Intramuros for Loyola Heights, Quezon City (while still retaining "de Manila" in its name) in 1952. It served as the home of the University of Santo Tomas (1611), Colegio de San Juan de Letran (1620), and Ateneo de Manila University (1859). ![]() As the center of education in the country since the colonial period, the city, particularly Intramuros, is the home of several of the oldest schools in the country. Manila is home to majority of the colleges and universities in country. However, many of the plans were substantially altered after the devastation of Manila during World War II and the subsequent administrations. Several government agencies have set up their headquarters in Quezon City but several key government offices still resides in Manila. A new government center was to be built on the hills northeast of Manila, or what is now Quezon City. These improvements were eventually abandoned under the Commonwealth Government of Manuel L. The strategic location chosen was Bagumbayan, a former town which is now the Rizal Park to become the center of government and a design commission was given to Daniel Burnham to create a master plan for the city patterned after Washington D.C. Planning for the development for being the center of government started during the early years of American colonization to the country when they envisioned a well-designed city outside the walls of Intramuros. ![]() Manila, being the seat of political power of the Philippines, has several national government offices headquartered at the city. These 16 geographical districts are further grouped into the six legislative districts of Manila. These zones and districts have no form of local government. For administrative convenience, all the barangays in Manila are grouped into 100 zones and which are further grouped into 16 geographical districts. Each barangay has its own chairperson and councilors. The city occupies an area of 38.55 square kilometers and was divided into 897 barangays, the smallest unit of local government in the Philippines. Some of the natural variations in topography have been evened out due to the urbanization of the city. The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since the American colonial times. Almost all of the city sits on top of centuries of prehistoric alluvial deposits built by the waters of the Pasig and on some land reclaimed from Manila Bay. The city lies 800 miles (1,300 km) from mainland Asia. Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila bay, which rests on the western shores of Luzon. Later, it saw the rise of the Philippine Revolution which was followed by the arrival of the Americans who made contributions to the city's urban planning and development only to have most of those improvements lost in the devastation of World War II. Several Chinese insurrections, local revolts, a British Occupation and a Sepoy mutiny also occurred thereafter. This caused it to be called the "Pearl of the Orient". Because of its ideal location, between China and the west coast of North America, Manila eventually became the center of Spanish activity in the Far East and one end of the Manila– Acapulco galleon trade route linking Latin America and Asia. The city was invaded by Brunei's Sultan Bolkiah and was already Islamized by the 15th century when the Spanish first arrived. The earliest written account of the city is the 10th-century Laguna Copperplate Inscription which describe an Indianized kingdom maintaining diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Medang and commercial exchanges with Ancient Japan and Song Dynasty China.
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